News & Technical Articles

October 19, 2026 • 15 min read

Which heat exchangers refineries and oil and gas plants use, unit by unit: crude preheat trains, condensers, reboilers, hydroprocessing, reformers, gas plants.

October 17, 2026 • 15 min read

Carbon brushes for slip rings and exciters: wound-rotor motors, synchronous machines, turbogenerator collectors, wind turbines and shaft grounding brushes.

October 15, 2026 • 18 min read

Tube bundle design and fabrication: tubesheet drilling, tube pitch and layout, baffle cut and spacing, tie rods and tube-to-tubesheet joints explained.

October 13, 2026 • 14 min read

How to order replacement carbon brushes: measuring t × a × r, shunt length and terminal type, top and face features, grade identification and quantities.

October 11, 2026 • 16 min read

2:1 ellipsoidal, torispherical, Klöpper, Korbbogen and hemispherical heads compared: ASME thickness, depth, cost, forming tolerances and when to use each.

October 09, 2026 • 15 min read

Diagnose commutator and carbon brush problems: film colour, streaking, threading, grooving, bar marking, copper drag and sparking, with causes and fixes.

October 07, 2026 • 16 min read

How exchanger shells are rolled and welded, how cone junctions and nozzles are reinforced, and how MDMT drives material choice: tolerances, RT, flanges.

October 05, 2026 • 16 min read

How to choose a carbon brush grade: calculate current density and peripheral speed, check contact drop, friction and spring pressure, and avoid light load.

October 03, 2026 • 24 min read

How a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is built: plate cutting, shell rolling, heads, tube bundle assembly, hydrotest and data book, with shop-floor photos.