Geogrid (Uniaxial & Biaxial)

Overview

Kasko Makine's Geogrids are high-modulus, low-creep polymer reinforcement grids designed to transfer and redistribute load across weak or compressible soils. Manufactured from stretched polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets — then punched and oriented into a rigid aperture structure — our geogrids deliver the tensile performance and interlock required for permanent soil reinforcement applications.

When placed within a granular fill, the geogrid mechanically interlocks with aggregate particles. Applied loads are then transferred into the geogrid's tensile strength instead of being absorbed by the underlying weak soil — dramatically increasing bearing capacity, reducing required aggregate depth, and extending asset life across roads, rail, retaining walls, embankments, and foundations.

Design Variants

• Uniaxial Geogrids (PET / HDPE): Manufactured by stretching the polymer sheet in a single direction, producing long, high-strength ribs aligned along the roll's length. The dominant tensile strength in one axis makes uniaxial grids ideal for applications where load is predominantly unidirectional — reinforced soil walls (MSE walls), steep reinforced slopes, bridge abutments, landfill basal reinforcement, and pull-out resistance where anchor capacity is critical.
• Biaxial Geogrids (PP): Stretched in both machine and cross-machine directions to produce a square or rectangular aperture pattern with balanced tensile strength on two axes. Biaxial grids excel in base reinforcement of roads, platforms, and foundations where load can arrive from any direction. Widely specified for subgrade stabilization on soft clays, silts, and organic soils.
• Triaxial (Multi-Axial) Variants: Available on request — triangular aperture geometry offers near-isotropic stiffness and higher radial load distribution, particularly effective in thin aggregate layers and pavement working platforms.

Primary Functions

• Soil Reinforcement: Adds tensile strength to soils that are inherently weak in tension, enabling steeper embankment slopes, taller retaining structures, and reinforced wrap-around walls.
• Load Distribution: Spreads concentrated wheel or foundation loads over a wider subgrade area — reducing vertical stress by up to 60% on the underlying soil.
• Stabilization: Confines aggregate within the grid apertures, preventing lateral spread and maintaining compacted density over the service life.
• Aggregate Reduction: Reduces the required thickness of granular base and sub-base layers by 30–50%, lowering material costs, haulage, and embodied carbon.
• Differential Settlement Control: Mitigates uneven settlement across variable subgrades, particularly in transition zones and over backfilled trenches.

Key Benefits

• Increases subgrade bearing capacity by 2–4× depending on fill type and grid class
• Reduces required aggregate thickness by 30–50% vs. unreinforced designs
• Extends pavement and structure design life by 2–3×
• Minimizes differential settlement and rutting on soft or variable subgrades
• Enables construction over marginal soils previously requiring costly excavation and replacement
• Significantly reduces lifetime maintenance costs for highways, haul roads, and industrial platforms
• Low-creep behavior — long-term tensile performance maintained for 100+ year design lives
• High junction efficiency — ribs and nodes retain full strength under installation stress

Applications

• Road & Highway Construction: Base and sub-base reinforcement on soft clays, silts, and peaty subgrades. Reduces pavement thickness and rutting.
• Reinforced Soil Walls (MSE Walls): Primary tensile reinforcement for mechanically stabilized earth walls up to 20+ metres tall, including bridge abutments and urban retaining structures.
• Steep Reinforced Slopes: Enables slopes of 45°–75° where conventional unreinforced fills require flatter angles and larger land footprints.
• Embankment Basal Reinforcement: Supports embankments built on soft/compressible foundation soils; prevents lateral spreading and catastrophic failure.
• Railway Trackbed: Ballast confinement and subgrade stabilization to reduce track settlement and extend tamping intervals.
• Airport Runways & Aprons: High-stiffness base reinforcement for heavy aircraft loading and long design lives.
• Industrial Platforms & Working Pads: Crane pads, container yards, and material storage platforms on weak soils.
• Landfill Basal Reinforcement: Spans voids and stabilizes foundation soils beneath waste cells and liner systems.
• Foundations & Piled Embankments: Load transfer platforms over piled foundations in soft ground.
• Erosion-Control Slopes: Combined with vegetation and protective mats for permanent stabilization of cuts and fills.

Technical Specifications

• Polymer Base: UV-stabilized polypropylene (PP), high-molecular-weight polyester (PET), or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
• Tensile Strength (Ultimate):
  • Biaxial PP: 20 / 20 kN/m through 60 / 60 kN/m (MD / CMD)
  • Uniaxial HDPE: 30 kN/m through 200+ kN/m (MD)
  • Uniaxial PET: 40 kN/m through 400+ kN/m (MD) — high-strength projects
• Long-Term Design Strength (LTDS): Typically 40–65% of UTS depending on polymer, soil chemistry, and design life — calculated per BBA / EN ISO 13431.
• Creep Reduction Factor (RFCR): 1.45–2.50 (PP and HDPE); 1.40–1.65 (PET) — per manufacturer certified testing.
• Junction Efficiency: ≥ 90% — tested per GRI-GG2.
• Aperture Size: 25 × 25 mm through 65 × 65 mm (biaxial); 115–240 mm rib spacing (uniaxial).
• Radial Stiffness (Biaxial @ 0.5% strain): 250 kN/m through 600 kN/m.
• UV Stability: ≥ 70% strength retention after 500 hours xenon arc — ASTM D4355.
• Chemical Resistance: Stable in soil pH 3–12; resistant to hydrocarbons, salts, and microbial attack per EN 14030 / EN 12225.
• Roll Dimensions: Standard widths of 2 m, 3.95 m, and 5 m; lengths 30 m to 75 m — custom sizes for large projects.

Standards & Compliance

• EN ISO 10319 — Wide-width tensile test
• EN ISO 10321 — Junction strength
• EN ISO 13431 — Tensile creep and creep rupture
• EN 14030 — Microbiological resistance
• EN 12225 — Chemical and weathering resistance
• ASTM D6637 — Single-rib and multi-rib tensile test
• ASTM D7737 — Junction efficiency
• GRI-GG2, GRI-GG4, GRI-GG7 — Geosynthetic Research Institute test methods
• CE marking compliant with EN 13249–13257 for road, rail, hydraulic, and containment applications
• BBA (British Board of Agrément) and DIBt (German approval) certified products available

Durability & Longevity

• Biological Resistance: Inert polymer structure is unaffected by soil bacteria, fungi, insects, and rodents over indefinite service lives.
• Chemical Resistance: Fully compatible with aggressive industrial environments including high-pH slag fills, acid-generating mine waste, and hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.
• Freeze-Thaw Stability: Mechanical performance maintained through repeated freeze-thaw cycles; no embrittlement or loss of strength.
• Design Life: 60–120 years at typical soil temperatures and pH values — verified by accelerated creep testing per ISO 13431.

Installation Guidelines

• Prepare subgrade to design levels — remove sharp rocks, roots, and obstructions
• Unroll geogrid in the direction of primary tensile load (machine direction)
• Overlap adjacent rolls by 300–500 mm or mechanically connect with bodkin bars for critical applications
• Pull rolls taut to remove wrinkles before fill placement
• Place first aggregate lift by end-dumping and spreading — never drive tracked vehicles directly on exposed grid
• Minimum initial lift thickness: 150 mm for light traffic; 200–300 mm for heavy construction traffic
• Compact each lift to design density — confined aggregate achieves higher compaction than unreinforced fill

Industries Served

• Highway and road authorities — federal, state, municipal
• Railway infrastructure operators
• Port, airport, and logistics platform developers
• Mining, quarrying, and heavy haul-road contractors
• Oil & gas facility EPCs and pipeline contractors
• Environmental and landfill contractors
• MSE wall and reinforced slope specialty contractors
• Renewable energy — wind, solar, and hydroelectric project civils

Engineering Support

Kasko Makine provides full pre-project engineering support for geogrid specification. Our team assists with bearing capacity calculations per Giroud-Han method, MSE wall design per FHWA / AASHTO, and basal reinforcement analysis over soft foundation soils. We can review tender documents, value-engineer alternative sections, and supply certified LTDS data packages for design consultants.

Why Choose Kasko Makine Geogrids

We supply only BBA / CE-certified geogrids from tier-one European and North American manufacturers — with full traceability, batch-level test certificates, and factory production control (FPC) documentation. Every delivery is backed by engineering support, technical data sheets, and installation guidance. Warehousing in Istanbul enables same-week dispatch across Türkiye, with scheduled project logistics to Azerbaijan, Georgia, Egypt, and Russia.

Ordering & Availability

Biaxial PP and uniaxial HDPE grids stocked in standard strength classes. Uniaxial PET and custom high-strength specifications supplied on 2–6 week lead times depending on class. Contact our engineering team with your project parameters — subgrade CBR, design loads, structure height, and design life — for a detailed proposal including grid specification, quantity, delivery schedule, and project-volume pricing.